Step-by-Step Guide to Your First Upper Lip Laser Hair Removal

Introduction to Upper Lip Laser Hair Removal

Upper lip laser hair removalunwanted facial hair

Benefits of Laser Hair Removal

1. Long-Term Results: Unlike temporary methods, laser hair removal significantly reduces hair growth.
2. Precision: Lasers can selectively target dark, coarse hairs while leaving the surrounding skin undamaged.
3. Speed: Each pulse of the laser takes a fraction of a second and can treat multiple hairs simultaneously.
4. Less Painful: Compared to other hair removal techniques, laser treatment tends to be less painful, often described as a slight tingling sensation.

How It Works

Laser hairhair growth

What to Expect

1. Consultation: Before the treatment, a consultation with a qualified provider is essential. They will assess skin and hair type, and discuss medical history to determine suitability.
2. Patch Test: A patch test is usually conducted to ensure that the skin reacts safely to the laser.
3. Preparation: Before the appointment, patients are generally advised to avoid sun exposure, waxing, and certain skincare products.
4. Procedure: During the session, a handheld laser device is used. Protective eyewear and cooling gel may be applied to minimize discomfort.
5. Aftercare: Post-treatment care includes avoiding sun exposure, using soothing creams, and following specific instructions provided by the practitioner.

Potential Side Effects

Although rare, potential side effects may include:

• Temporary redness and swelling
• Slight discomfort resembling a sunburn
• Occasionally, pigment changes in the treated area

Upper lip laser hair removal is an efficient and increasingly popular choice for those looking to eliminate facial hair permanently. Understanding the procedure, benefits, and potential risks can help in making an informed decision.

Understanding the Basics of Laser Hair Removal

Laser hair removalfuture hair growth

Key elements of laser hair removal include:

1. Mechanism of Action:

   • Lasers emit light at specific wavelengths.
   • The light targets melanin in hair follicles.
   • Heat generated damages follicles, reducing hair growth.

2. Types of Lasers:

   • Alexandrite Laser: Suitable for light to olive skin tones.
   • Diode Laser: Effective on dark and medium skin tones.
   • Nd:YAG Laser: Ideal for darker skin tones with coarse hair.
   • Ruby Laser: Best for light fine hair.

3. Treatment Sessions:

   • Multiple sessions required for optimal results.
   • Sessions spaced 4-6 weeks apart.
   • Each session reduces hair by 10-25%.

4. Candidates for Laser Hair Removal:

   • Best for individuals with light skin and dark hair.
   • Less effective on light or gray hair.
   • Darker skin tones may require specialized lasers.

5. Safety and Risks:

   • Minimally invasive procedure.
   • Potential side effects: redness, swelling, or minor discomfort.
   • Use of protective eyewear during treatment is essential.

6. Preparation and Aftercare:

   • Avoid sun exposure before and after sessions.
   • Shave the treatment area 24-48 hours prior.
   • Apply cooling gels or aloe vera post-treatment to soothe skin.

Patients should consult with a certified dermatologist or licensed technician to assess skin type and hair characteristics before proceeding with treatment. Understanding these foundational aspects can ensure informed decision-making and enhance the overall experience with laser hair removal.

Benefits of Laser Hair Removal for the Upper Lip

Laser hair removalupper lip hair growth

1. Long-Lasting Results Laser hair removal targets the hair follicles, reducing hair growth over time. This means fewer sessions in the future compared to other hair removal methods.

2. Precision The laser targets dark, coarse hairs while leaving the surrounding skin undamaged. This precision is particularly beneficial for the delicate skin on the upper lip.

3. Time-Saving Each laser pulse treats multiple hairs simultaneously, covering small areas like the upper lip quickly. This efficiency saves time compared to waxing or threading.

4. Reduced Ingrown Hairs Unlike shaving or waxing, laser hair removal minimizes the chances of ingrown hairs. Laser treatment destroys the follicle, reducing the opportunity for hairs to grow back incorrectly.

5. Minimal Discomfort Technological advancements have made laser hair removal less painful. Modern equipment often includes cooling mechanisms to make the experience more comfortable.

6. Skin Improvement Regular laser treatments can reduce dark spots and make the skin appear smoother. The reduction of hair growth and ingrown hairs contributes to overall skin health.

7. Cost-Effective Over Time While the upfront cost may seem high, laser hair removal becomes economical over time. Less frequent treatments translate to long-term savings compared to recurring costs of shaving, waxing, or threading.

8. Quick Recovery Post-treatment recovery is generally swift, with only mild redness that resolves within a few hours. This means minimal downtime and quick return to daily activities.

9. Consistency Unlike other methods dependent on hair length, laser hair removal works on short hair. No need to wait for hair to grow out, making it a consistent and reliable option.

10. Convenience Laser hair removal treatments are quick, with sessions averaging about 20 minutes for the upper lip. This makes it easy to fit into busy schedules.

Understanding these benefits can help individuals make an informed decision, encouraging a shift from temporary hair removal methods to a more permanent solution. Whether for convenience, cost, or skin health, laser hair removal provides multiple advantages.

Preparing for Your First Laser Hair Removal Session

Getting ready for the first laser hair removal session can ensure a smooth experience. Follow these steps for optimal results:

1. Research and Choose the Right Clinic

It's essential to find a reputable clinic with certified professionals. Look for customer reviews, and get recommendations from friends or family. Contact the clinic to ask about their laser technology and the qualifications of their technicians.

2. Schedule a Consultation

Before committing, schedule a consultation. During this meeting:

• Discuss your medical history and any skin conditions.
• Ask about the number of sessions required for noticeable results.
• Inquire about the specific laser type and its suitability for your skin type.
• Understand the cost and payment plans available.

3. Avoid Sun Exposure

Limit sun exposure and use sunscreen with a high SPF for at least two weeks prior to the session. Tanned skin can increase the risk of side effects and reduce the efficacy of the treatment.

4. Discontinue Certain Products

Stop using retinoids, alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) at least one week before the session. These products can make the skin more sensitive and prone to irritation during treatment.

5. Refrain from Hair Removal Methods

Avoid plucking, waxing, or using depilatory creams on the upper lip for six weeks before the session. These methods remove the hair root, which is necessary for the laser to target.

6. Shave the Treatment Area

Shave the upper lip area 24 to 48 hours before the session. This ensures the laser targets the hair follicle while minimizing the risk of burning the hair on the skin’s surface.

7. Stay Hydrated and Moisturize

Drink plenty of water and moisturize the skin daily. Well-hydrated skin can handle treatments better and may enhance the healing process post-session.

8. Wear Comfortable Clothing

On the day of the appointment, wear comfortable clothing that allows easy access to the treatment area. Opt for tops with loose, open necklines.

9. Prepare to Feel Sensations

Understand that during laser hair removal, one might feel sensations like a slight sting or pinch. This is normal and temporary. Discuss the availability of numbing cream if there is concern.

10. Follow Pre-Treatment Instructions

Adhere to any specific pre-treatment instructions provided by the clinic. This might include avoiding makeup, deodorants, or lotions in the treatment area.

By closely following these guidelines, one can ensure a comfortable and successful first laser hair removal session.

Choosing the Right Laser Clinic and Technician

When starting with upper lip laser hair removal, selecting the right clinic and technician is necessary. A qualified expert provides safety and effective results. Several factors need consideration during this selection process:

1. Qualifications and Certifications:

   • Verify that the clinic and technicians hold current certifications in laser hair removal.
   • Technicians should have formal training and experience, particularly in treating the upper lip area.
   • Check for memberships in professional organizations, which underscore commitment to industry standards.

2. Reputation and Reviews:

   • Look for online reviews and testimonials on platforms such as Yelp, Google, and the clinic's website.
   • Pay attention to before-and-after photos showcasing results for upper lip treatments.
   • Ask for references directly from the clinic.

3. Consultation Processes:

   • A reputable clinic will offer a detailed initial consultation.
   • During this consultation, the technician should evaluate skin type, hair type, and medical history.
   • Expect a discussion on expected outcomes, potential risks, and a personalized treatment plan.

4. Technology and Equipment:

   • Inquire about the type of laser technology used.
   • Ideally, the clinic should offer FDA-approved lasers suitable for various skin and hair types.
   • Ensure they maintain and update equipment regularly for optimal safety and efficacy.

5. Sanitation and Cleanliness:

   • The clinic should adhere to rigorous hygiene standards.
   • Observe the cleanliness of treatment rooms and common areas during your visit.
   • Question their sterilization processes for equipment.

6. Cost and Transparency:

   • Fees should be transparent, with no hidden charges.
   • Ask for detailed pricing, including per session costs and package deals.
   • Understand cancellation and refund policies.

7. Communication and Comfort:

   • Technicians should answer all questions thoroughly and willingly.
   • The clinic's environment should be welcoming, providing a sense of reassurance.
   • Opt for a technician who shows empathy and patience, ensuring a comfortable experience.

8. Aftercare Support:

   • The clinic should provide explicit aftercare instructions.
   • Ensure they offer follow-up services to monitor progress and address any concerns.
   • Availability of support should be immediate in case of side effects or complications.

9. Recommendations and Referrals:

   • Seek advice from friends or family who have had laser treatments.
   • Professional referrals from dermatologists or general practitioners can also be valuable.
   • Trusted recommendations help in making an informed decision.

By considering these factors, one can confidently select a laser clinic and technician meeting high standards, ensuring a safe, reassuring experience for upper lip laser hair removal.

What to Expect During the Procedure

The upper lip laser hair removal proceduretime

1. Preparation:

   • The treatment area will be cleaned to ensure that no makeup, oils, or dirt obstruct the laser.
   • Protective eyewear will be provided to shield the eyes from the laser light.

2. Skin Assessment:

   • The technician will assess the skin's condition and type.
   • Patch tests may be conducted to gauge skin sensitivity or reactions.

3. Laser Settings:

   • The laser device will be calibrated based on your skin type and hair color.
   • Settings are adjusted to ensure optimal effectiveness and safety.

4. Application of Gel/Lotion:

   • A cooling gel or similar product may be applied to the treatment area to enhance comfort.
   • This gel aids in the laser's penetration and helps protect the skin.

5. Laser Pulses:

   • The technician will apply the laser in brief, controlled pulses to target hair follicles.
   • A slight tingling or pinching sensation can be felt during each pulse; however, discomfort is minimal.

6. Cooling Measures:

   • Cooling devices or air suction may be used concurrently to minimize discomfort.
   • Cooling creams or ice packs are often available post-treatment.

7. Duration:

   • The entire process typically lasts between 15-30 minutes, depending primarily on individual needs.

8. Immediate Aftercare:

   • Post-treatment, a soothing lotion or aloe vera gel might be applied to calm the skin.
   • Temporary redness or mild swelling may occur but usually subsides within a few hours.

Pro Tip: Avoid sun exposure and use sunscreen diligently post-treatment to prevent any adverse reactions.

9. Follow-Up:
   • The technician may provide a schedule for future treatments, generally spaced 4-6 weeks apart.
   • Adhering to this schedule is crucial for optimal long-term results.

Understanding these steps helps in ensuring a smooth and informed experience during upper lip laser hair removal.

Aftercare: Post-Procedure Tips and Advice

After undergoing upper lip laser hair removal, it’s vital to follow several aftercare tips to ensure the best results. This section outlines key advice and steps to maintain the treated area post-procedure.

Avoid Sun Exposure

• Refrain from direct sunlight on the treated area for at least two weeks.
• Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher if exposure is unavoidable.
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat to shield the upper lip from UV rays.

Moisturize Gently

• Use a soothing, fragrance-free moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated.
• Apply aloe vera gel to reduce redness and cool the skin.
• Avoid using any heavy or oil-based products on the treated area.

Steer Clear of Heat

• Avoid hot showers, saunas, and steam rooms for at least 48 hours post-treatment.
• Skip intense workouts and hot yoga, which increase perspiration and heat exposure.
• Do not use harsh facial treatments like chemical peels or exfoliations for one week.

Do Not Pluck or Wax

• Avoid any hair removal methods like plucking, waxing, or threading. This can interfere with the efficacy of laser treatment.
• Only shave if necessary, but wait at least 24-48 hours post-procedure to avoid additional irritation.

Manage Redness and Swelling

• Apply a cold compress to the treated area to reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen can help manage pain and swelling.
• Redness typically subsides within a few hours, but if it persists, consult the practitioner.

Avoid Makeup

• Refrain from using makeup on the treated area for at least 24 hours.
• If makeup use is essential, choose mineral-based products to minimize irritation.

Hydrate and Monitor Skin

• Drink plenty of water to keep skin hydrated and aid in recovery.
• Monitor the treated area for any signs of adverse reactions like prolonged redness, blistering, or pigment changes.
• Contact the laser technician if any unusual symptoms persist.

Follow Up as Scheduled

• Adhere to the follow-up schedule provided by the practitioner for optimal results.
• Multiple sessions may be required, so staying consistent with treatments is key to achieving desired outcomes.
• Keep track of any skin changes and inform the technician during follow-ups for personalized advice.

Following these aftercare tips will aid in healing and improve the effectiveness of the laser hair removal process. Proper care ensures smoother, more lasting results, contributing to better skin health and appearance.

Managing Pain and Discomfort

Experiencing some degree of pain and discomfort is common during an upper lip laser hair removal session. However, there are several techniques and tips that can help manage these sensations effectively.

Topical Anesthetics

Applying a topical anesthetic cream to the upper lip area can significantly reduce pain. These creams usually contain lidocaine or similar numbing agents. It is recommended to apply the cream approximately 30-45 minutes before the session for optimal results. Always consult with the technician or dermatologist before using any anesthetic to ensure it is safe and appropriate for the skin type.

Cool Air Devices

Many clinicstreatment

Over-the-counter Pain Relief

Over-the-counter pain relief medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken before the appointment. These medications help to mitigate pain and decrease inflammation. It's advisable to take these about 30-60 minutes prior to the laser hair removal session.

Proper Hydration

Keeping the skin well-hydrated is crucial. Drinking plenty of water before and after the procedure can keep the skin moisturized and more resilient. Applying a gentle, hydrating moisturizer to the upper lip area a few days leading up to the treatment may also help.

Breathing Techniques

Utilizing deep-breathing techniques during the procedure can help manage pain. Slow, deep breaths can alleviate anxiety and help to distract from discomfort. Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques can further prepare one for the session, enhancing overall comfort levels.

Ice Packs

Applying ice packs to the upper lip area immediately after the session can help in reducing pain and swelling. Wrap the ice pack in a cloth to prevent frostbite and apply it for 10-15 minutes at a time.

Communication with Technician

Open communicationadditional cooling mechanisms

Post-Treatment Care

Following aftercare instructions carefully can help minimize post-treatment discomfort. This might include avoiding direct sunlight, refraining from using harsh skincare products, and applying aloe vera or other cooling gels to soothe the skin.

By adhering to these strategies, one can significantly mitigate pain and discomfort, making the upper lip laser hair removal process more tolerable and efficient.

Frequency and Number of Sessions Needed

The number of laser hair removal sessions required can vary based on several factors, including hair color, skin type, and hair growth cycle. Typically, an individual will need multiple treatments to achieve optimal results due to the cyclical nature of hair growth.

Factors Influencing Frequency

1. Hair Color and Thickness: Dark, coarse hair responds better to laser treatments compared to light, fine hair.
2. Skin Type: Light skin with dark hair provides the best contrast, allowing laser devices to target hair follicles more effectively.
3. Hair Growth Cycle: Hair grows in cycles (anagen, catagen, and telogen). Lasers target hair in the anagen phase, which is the active growth stage.

General Guidelines for Session Frequency

• Initial Stage: The first few sessions are usually scheduled 4 to 6 weeks apart. This interval allows sufficient time for new hair to enter the growth phase.
• Maintenance Stage: After initial sessions, maintenance treatments may be necessary every 6 to 12 months to manage any regrowth.

Typical Number of Sessions Needed

1. Average Range: Most people require between 6 to 8 sessions for noticeable hair reduction.
2. Persistent Areas: Some individuals may need additional treatments, particularly in areas where hair is more stubborn.
3. Touch-Up Sessions: Annual touch-up sessions can help maintain smooth, hair-free skin.

Considerations for Varying Results

• Personal Variability: Results can differ from person to person due to individual hair and skin characteristics.
• Professional Consultation: A professional consultation can better determine the number of sessions needed based on a specific evaluation of hair and skin type.

Post-Treatment Frequency

• Sun Protection: Following each session, individuals should practice diligent sun protection to avoid irritation and pigmentation changes.
• Skincare Routine: It is advisable to adhere to a soothing skincare routine to facilitate skin recovery between sessions.

Feedback from other users who have undergone upper lip laser hair removal suggests a commitment to regular sessions ensures better long-term results.

Potential Side Effects and How to Handle Them

Undergoing upper lip laser hair removal can yield some side effects. Understanding these and knowing how to manage them ensures a smoother experience.

1. Redness and Swelling

• What to Expect: It is common to experience mild redness and swelling post-treatment. This typically subsides within a few hours to a day.
• How to Handle:
  • Use a cold compress to soothe the area.
  • Apply aloe vera gel for its cooling and healing effects.
  • Avoid sun exposure and use a high-SPF sunscreen if outdoor activities are unavoidable.

2. Temporary Skin Irritation

• What to Expect: Some may notice a slight irritation or itching sensation on the treated area.
• How to Handle:
  • Avoid scratching or rubbing the area.
  • Apply a fragrance-free moisturizer to soothe irritation.
  • Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream can help reduce discomfort.

3. Pigment Changes

• What to Expect: Skin may develop temporary lightening (hypopigmentation) or darkening (hyperpigmentation).
• How to Handle:
  • These changes often resolve on their own.
  • Consistent use of sunscreen can help prevent further pigmentation issues.

4. Crusting or Blisters

• What to Expect: Rarely, some might experience crusting or blister formation.
• How to Handle:
  • Keep the area clean and dry.
  • Avoid peeling or picking at scabs to prevent scarring.
  • Consult your dermatologist if blisters are severe or persistent.

5. Dryness or Flaking

• What to Expect: The treated skin may become slightly dry or flaky.
• How to Handle:
  • Use a gentle exfoliator to remove dead skin cells once sensitivity reduces.
  • Apply a nourishing, non-comedogenic moisturizer.

Safety Precautions

• Avoid Direct Sunlight: Laser-treated skin is more sensitive to UV rays.
• Refrain from Makeup: For the first 24 hours, avoiding makeup can diminish the risk of skin irritation.
• Skip Harsh Skincare Products: Steering clear of retinoids or alpha hydroxy acids in the treated area prevents further irritation.

Taking these steps ensures minimal discomfort and optimal healing post-upper lip laser hair removal. Always consult a professional if any unusual side effects occur.

Cost Considerations and Saver Tips

Pricing for upper lip laser hair removal can vary based on factors such as geographic location, clinic reputation, and practitioner skill level. This section outlines cost considerations and tips to help save on treatment.

Factors Influencing Cost

1. Clinic Location

   • Urban clinics may charge more due to higher operating costs.
   • Suburban or rural clinics might offer lower rates, though travel costs should be factored in.

2. Clinic Reputation

   • Well-known clinics with high customer satisfaction may have premium pricing.
   • Lesser-known establishments could offer competitive rates but research their reviews first.

3. Practitioner Skill Level

   • Experienced practitioners often charge more.
   • Newer professionals might have lower prices to attract clients initially.

4. Treatment Frequency and Duration

   • Sessions requirement varies per individual. Multiple sessions can drive up costs.
   • Package deals for multiple treatments might offer significant savings.

Saver Tips

• Research and Compare Prices

  • Call various clinics to get price quotes.
  • Look for online reviews to gauge service value in relation to cost.

• Promotions and Discounts

  • Many clinics offer seasonal discounts or introductory deals.
  • Check for first-time customer specials, student discounts, or referral bonuses.

• Packages and Membership Programs

  • Some clinics provide package deals for purchasing multiple sessions in advance.
  • Membership programs often offer lower rates for frequent treatments.

• Insurance and Payment Plans

  • Some insurance plans may cover cosmetic procedures partially.
  • Inquire about installment payment options to spread out the cost.

Pro Tip: Don’t compromise quality for cost. Ensure clinics have certified practitioners and modern equipment. Safety and effectiveness should be top priority.

Useful cost-saving strategies combined with careful research can ensure an affordable and effective upper lip laser hair removal experience.

Before and After: Realistic Expectations

Laser hair removalhair growth

Before Treatment

1. Initial Consultation:

   • Discuss skin type and hair color with a professional.
   • Address any skin conditions or medications.
   • Understand the number of sessions required.

2. Pre-Treatment Care:

   • Avoid sun exposure two weeks prior.
   • Do not use waxing or plucking on the area.
   • Shave the area the day before the procedure.

3. Skin Condition:

   • Ensure the skin is clean, dry, and free of lotions.
   • Any irritation or active breakouts should be reported.

After Treatment

1. Immediate Effects:

   • Redness and mild swelling are common.
   • Cool compresses can soothe the area.
   • Avoid makeup for 24 hours post-treatment.

2. Post-Treatment Care:

   • Use sunscreen SPF 30 or higher.
   • Refrain from tanning beds and sun exposure.
   • Avoid hot showers and exercise for 24 hours.

3. Expected Results:

   • Hairs may shed gradually over days to weeks.
   • Multiple sessions are usually required for optimal results.
   • Periodic maintenance sessions help sustain results.

4. Possible Side Effects:

   • Temporary pigmentation changes may occur.
   • Scabbing is rare but possible.
   • If side effects persist, consult the provider.

Upper lip laser hairgrowth

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Upper Lip Laser Hair Removal Painful?

Most peopleTopical anesthetic creams

How Many Sessions Are Needed?

Typically, it takes about 4 to 6 sessions for optimal results. However, this can vary depending on individual hair growth cycles and other factors such as hair color and skin type.

What Should Be Done Before the Session?

1. Avoid Sun Exposure: Avoid direct sunlight and tanning for at least two weeks prior.
2. Shave Area: Shave the upper lip area 24 hours before the appointment.
3. No Waxing or Plucking: Do not wax or pluck the hairs for at least four weeks before the treatment.
4. Clean Skin: Ensure the skin is free from any makeup, creams, or lotions.

Are There Any Side Effects?

Mild rednessRare side effects

Can All Skin Types Be Treated?

Modern laser hair removal devicesskin types

What Is the Post-Treatment Care?

• Avoid Sun Exposure: Continue to avoid direct sunlight for at least two weeks.
• Use Gentle Products: Opt for mild cleansers and moisturizers.
• No Exfoliating: Avoid exfoliating the treated area for at least one week.
• Apply Sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum SPF to protect the area.

When Will Results Be Visible?

Results can be seen after the first session, but noticeable hair reduction usually occurs after multiple sessions. Hair will become finer and less dense with each treatment.

Is It Permanent?

Laser hair removaloccasional maintenance sessions

What Is the Cost?

The cost can vary depending on the clinic and geographic location. On average, each session can range from $50 to $200.

Who Is Not a Good Candidate?

Pregnant women and individuals with certain skin conditions should avoid laser hair removal. A consultation with a medical professional is recommended to determine suitability.

Final Thoughts and Encouragement

Choosing to undergo upper lip laser hair removal is a significant decision, and it's important to approach it with confidence. There are several key points to keep in mind as one embarks on this journey. Firstly, understanding that results do not come overnight is crucial. It typically requires multiple sessions to see substantial, lasting effects.

The treatment process might not be entirely painless, but the discomfort is often described as manageable and brief. It helps to remind oneself that each session brings one closer to a smoother, hair-free upper lip, which can significantly enhance self-esteem.

For those with concerns about potential side effects, it's helpful to remember these are usually minimal and temporary. Redness, swelling, or slight irritation may occur but often subside quickly.

Here are a few encouragement tips to keep in mind:

1. Patience is Key:

   • One might need several sessions to achieve the desired results. Stay patient and trust the process.

2. Aftercare Matters:

   • Proper aftercare can increase comfort and improve outcomes. Follow the post-treatment instructions carefully.

3. Celebrate Small Wins:

   • Each session removes more hair, bringing one closer to their goal. Recognize these small victories along the way.

Lastly, it's important for individuals to consult with their laser technician or dermatologist with any concerns or questions. Their expertise can provide additional reassurance and guidance tailored to one's unique skin type and hair growth patterns.

Laser hair removal is not just about the end result but also about the confidence gained throughout the process. Stepping into each session armed with knowledge and courage makes each step easier and more rewarding. Individuals are encouraged to embrace this experience as an opportunity for transformation and self-care.