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Mae’n amlwg o arlunwaith yr hen Aifft fod dynion Eifftaidd wedi ei heillio’n lân. Fodd bynnag, yn ystod y cyfnod Dynastig Cynnar ac i mewn i gyfnod y Deyrnas Ganol dangosir dynion yn gwisgo barf. Yn y cyfnodau diweddarach dim ond y llai pwysig sy’n cael eu dangos yn anniben, gyda bonion blew ar eu hwynebau. Mae’r brenin yn gwisgo barf osod hir er bod y pwysigion wedi’u heillio’n lân.

Yn aml dangosir offeiriaid gwrywaidd gyda’u pennau wedi’u heillio, ac yn achlysurol gall offeiriaid benywaidd hefyd fod wedi’u heillio. Er bod pwysigion yr Aifft yn dueddol o wisgo gwallt gosod, ar ben eu gwallt dilys eu hunain y byddent yn ei roi.

Nid yw blew corff yn cael ei ddangos mewn arlunwaith ac roedd yn cael ei wahardd yn achos offeiriaid, o leiaf yn y cyfnodau diweddarach. Mae’n bosib fod blew corff yn cael ei ystyried yn annerbyniol yn achos menywod (Derchain 1975, 74). Am ragor o wybodaeth ar driniaethau harddwch yn gyffredinol yn yr hen Aifft gweler Manniche (1999).

Felly sut oedd yr Eifftiaid yn cael gwared â gwallt neu flew nad oeddent ei eisiau? Mae elïau diflewio yn ogystal â raseli a phlicwyr yn bodoli. Dyma rai enghreifftiau o ryseitiau ar gyfer gwneud elïau diflewio:

Meddyginiaeth ar gyfer cael gwared â blew o unrhyw ran o’r corff – esgyrn aderyn gbg wedi’u berwi, baw gwybed, lard, llaeth sycamorwydden, gwm, a lwmp o halen. Ei gynhesu a’i rwbio.

(Papyrus Hearst Rhif.155)

Mae (h.y. y blew) i’w waredu fel a ganlyn: argragen crwban y môr, ei goginio, ei falu, ei ychwanegu i saim o goes hippo. Eneinier ag ef, yn aml iawn, iawn, iawn.

(Papyrus Ebers 476)Gwaed o fwlfa helgi benyw tsm. Dylai gael ei roi ar y blew. Taener (?)

(Papyrus Hearst 156)

Roedd raseli hefyd ar gael. Ond weithiau, fodd bynnag, mae’n anodd dweud ai raseli fyddai’n torri trwy flew oedd y rhain ai pethau tebycach i grafwyr a fyddai’n cael eu defnyddio i gael gwared â blew wedi cael ei meddalu. Roedd mwy nag un math o rasel ar gael yng nghyfarpar ymdrwsio’r Aifft. Am lawer o hanes yr Aifft fflint fyddai wedi cael ei ddefnyddio i dorri blew. Mae darn o fflint newydd ei ysglodio mor finiog â rasel fodern. Fodd bynnag, roedd raseli metel hefyd ar gael. Mae nifer yn cael eu disgrifio a’u darlunio yn Petrie (1917, 49-51, plau. LXI, LXII a XIII).

AB82

AB82

Mae raseli fel yr un uchod yn nodweddiadol o’r Deyrnas Newydd. Mae’r eitem hon yn mesur 138mm o hyd. Rhodd gan Brifysgol Cymru Aberystwyth, Gweler Brovarski et al. 1982, 192 am rasel debyg yn dyddio o’r 18fed Frenhinllin.

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W126

W126

Mae carn yr eitem hon yn eisiau. Gellir gweld enghraifft fwy cyflawn yn Amgueddfa Petrie. (http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/cosmetic/archive/uc40538.jpg)

Roedd y math hwn o rasel aloi copr yn cael ei defnyddio yn y Deyrnas Newydd. Nid oes neb erioed wedi darganfod sut yn union y byddai eitemau o’r fath yn cael eu defnyddio ond mwy na thebyg mai’r pen amgrwm oedd y pen torri.

Rhan yw hon o gasgliad MacGregor a brynwyd gan Wellcome ym 1922.

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AB58

AB58

Mae’r plicwyr hyn yn dyddio o’r 18fed Frenhinllin ac o Abydos. Maent wedi eu gwneud o un darn o fetel (aloi copr). Maent yn mesur 69mm o hyd. Mae’r math gyda’r pen gwasgedig yn cychwyn yn y 18fed Frenhinllin (Capel a Markoe 1996, 75–76).

Mae’n debyg y byddai plicwyr yn cael eu defnyddio i gael gwared â blew corff, ond hefyd yn ystod mymieiddio i dynnu allan organau mewnol ayb (Janot 2000) ac o bosib yn ystod gwaith meddygol.

Rhodd gan Brifysgol Cymru Aberystwyth yw’r plicwyr hyn.

More information here.

Cyfeiriadau

Brovarski, E. Doll, S.K. and Freed, R.E. eds. (1982), Egypt‘s Golden Age. The Art of Living in the New Kingdom. 1558-1085 BC. Museum of Fine Arts Boston, 189-192.

Capel, A., K. and Markoe, G.,E. (eds.), (1996), Mistress of the House, Mistress of Heaven. Women in Ancient Egypt . New York : Hudson Hills Press.

Derchain, P. (1975), ‘La Perruque et le Cristal’. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, 2, 55–74.

Janot, F. (2000), Les Instruments d’Embaumement de l’Égypte ancienne. Cairo : Institut français d’archéologie orientale.

Manniche, L. (1999), Sacred Luxuries : Fragrance, Aromatherapy, and Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt . New York : Cornell University Press.

Petrie, W.M.F. (1917), Tools and Weapons. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt.

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